Certification Board for Music Therapists (CBMT) Practice Exam

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What theory suggests that personalities are influenced by childhood experiences?

Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Holistic
Existential

The correct answer is: Psychodynamic

The psychodynamic theory, founded by Sigmund Freud and expanded by his followers, posits that our personalities and behaviors are shaped significantly by early childhood experiences and unconscious motivations. This theory emphasizes that unresolved conflicts and experiences from childhood can manifest in adult behavior, emotional responses, and personality traits. For example, underlying issues such as trauma, parental relationships, and formative experiences are examined to understand an individual's current psychological state. The other theories mentioned do not focus primarily on the influence of childhood experiences. Cognitive theory centers on how thought processes and perceptions affect behavior. Holistic approaches look at the whole person, integrating different aspects of existence but don't solely attribute personality development to childhood. Existential theory concerns itself with individual freedom, choice, and the search for meaning, rather than focusing on past experiences.